MAE 221B Mass Transfer
Winter 2011 class is in York Hall 4060B , 9:30-10:50 am.
The purpose of the course is to provide an introduction to turbulence and turbulent mixing processes in natural fluids such as the ocean, atmosphere and various astrophysical objects. Mass transfer is dominated by turbulence, fossil turbulence, and fossil turbulence waves in all these examples. Please read the attached reprint, which will be discussed in class during the first week. It is titled "Turbulence and Turbulent Mixing in Natural Fluids". It is part of a collection of papers on turbulent mixing from a conference. See http://iopscience.iop.org/1402-4896/2010/T142. The conference was titled "Turbulent Mixing and Beyond 2009", held in August 2009 at the International Center for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy. It is the third such conference in a series. Please look over the other papers in the Physica Scripta special issue T142. Review your Introductory Fluid Mechanics skills at http://sdcc3.ucsd.edu/~ir118/AMES101A.html. See also "The Origin of Life from Primordial Planets", published in the International Journal of Astrobiology, December 2010.
Please read three preprints for the Lorentz Center workshop "New Directions in Modern Cosmology" in Leiden, Netherlands, Sept. 27-Oct. 1, 2010. The proceeding for the workshop will be published in the Journal of Cosmology. Preprint 1 is by Gibson and Schild. Preprint 2 is by Schild and Gibson. Preprint 3 is by Nieuwenhuizen and Gibson. See the updated Preprint 3. The version of Preprint 3 posted in the arXiv February 8, 2011 is Gibson pending resolution of questions about how to interpret the Helix planetary nebula. This fluid mechanical and mass transfer discussion introduces the biological big bang. According to cosmology with fluid mechanics, the first oceans and the first chemicals (C, N, O, P etc.) were produced only two million years after the cosmological big bang, and were transmitted among the 10^80 primordial planets of the big bang universe by fragments of the planets as they merged to form the first stars. The optimum time for life formation was an early interval between two and eight million years after the big bang while the oceans were hot and the planet atmospheres hydrogen.
As you read these papers and those in the class textbook (available in the bookstore) please identify and begin work on a project that interests you and that you can report to the class. Your report should be in the same format as the papers, and summarized by a ten minute power point presentation. An interesting mass transfer problem has to do with 3He, as described by Charbonnel. Why is the concentration of 3He so low in the HII regions near hot stars and so high in planetary nebula? This is easy to explain if all stars are formed within dense clumps of primordial gas planets PGCs by mergers of these planets. It appears that the Charbonnel mixing models are not necessary to explain the lack of 3He in HII regions (hot bubble regions blown when stars approach their red giant phase). Stars produce lots of 3He, but it is a myth that red giants shed massive envelopes. See the latest version of preprint 3, Gibson arXiv 2011. The 3He problem is easily explained following the Gibson and Schild 2007 hydrogravitational dynamics HGD cosmology. From HGD, no significant amount of stellar material is shed by stars until they explode as supernovae. Mass transfer is one way. Comet-planets bring primordial gas planets to the stars, which eventually explode from overfeeding. Some 3He apparently escapes when white dwarfs are formed, since 3He appears in planetary nebulae. Presumably some star material is pumped out by the plasma jets of the spinning star.
Two powerpoint presentations MAE Nov. 15 Fluid Mechanics Seminar and Remote Sensing of Submerged Turbulence were discussed in class that might be useful in reviewing for the Final ExamTuesday, March 15, 8-11am. A presentation on microfossils in meteorites by Professor Wickramasinghe last year at the SPIE Astrobiology symposium in San Diego is attached. The corresponding SPIE 2010 astrobiology paper Bacterial morphologies in carbonaceous meteorites and comet dust by Chandra Wickramasinghe, Max K. Wallis, Carl H. Gibson, Jamie Wallis, Shirwan Al-Mufti and Nori Miyake, arXiv 1008.3860 leaves little room for doubt that the microfossils are extraterrestrial and that the meteorites are older than the Earth.
A good source of astrobiology information is the series of San Diego SPIE conferences listed in http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ . Search for the 468 articles available. The 2011 conference is here.
Student presentations include this one on click chemistry.
Apparently the WISE infrared telescope has detected a new multi-Jupiter mass planet Tyche (http://cosmology.com/News/Article106.html) at the edge of the sun's Oort cavity, where Matese et al. 1999 predicted it would be.
Two related but orthogonal papers on cometary panspermia are soon to be published in the Observatory Magazine, one by Wickramasinge and one by Wesson. Both are short, so please look them over.
Please consider preparing a research poster for the Jacobs School of Engineering research exposition. You will receive class credit just for entering.