STPA 35 Society and the Sea, Fall 2008

Exam 2, Thursday Nov. 13

Multiple Choice, True/False

Use Green Scantron

Version B

1) The pH of seawater is normally:

a) 7 b) 10 c) 8 d) 6 e) 1

2) One of the following is unaffected by incoming solar radiation:

a) Temperature b)Pressure c)Salinity d)Abundance of organisms e)Light

3) One of the following is a Western Boundary Current:

a)Monsoon Current b)Gulf Stream c)California Current d)Peru Current

4)Tsunamis are caused by:

a) Sudden movements of the ocean bottom b)interactions between the earth, sun, and the moon d)warming of the sea surface e) cooling of the sea surface

5)Neap and Spring Tides occur:

a) Daily b) Twice a day c) in the fall and spring d)Twice a lunar month e) once each lunar month

6) Which is NOT characteristic of an El Nino event:

a)Warmer than usual waters in the Eastern Pacific Ocean b)reduction in fish catches off Peru c) a build up of the prevailing westerly winds (Trade Winds) on the eastern side of the Pacific Ocean d) brings lots of rain to Southern California

7) On a non-rotating Earth, wind at the surface would flow:

a) from the equator to the poles b) east to west c)from the poles to the equator d) west to east e) there would be no wind

8) Equilibrium tide Theory does NOT predict:

a) Effects of the ocean basin shape b)Time of high and low tide c)Semidaily tides d) Spring and Neap Tides e) anything

9) What percentage of total incoming light energy remains at 140 meters depth in the clearest ocean?

a) 1% b)10% c)50% d)60 % e) 100%

10)Western boundary currents are:

a) wide (>1000km) and shallow ( 500m) b) narrow (< 100km) and deep (1000m) c) narrow (< 100km) and shallow ( 500m) d) wide (>1000km) and deep (1000m)

11)The Gulf Eddy has diurnal tides. There was a high tide at 8:00 AM today. When will the Gulf Eddy have its next high tide?

a) 12:00 noon b) 8:25pm today c) 8:50 AM tomorrow d) 4:00pm Today

12)A food web is a:

a) complex group of food chains b) relationship between a single predator and its prey c) a net used by Indians for fishing in estuaries d) group of shallow-water benthic animals e) complex group of food chains

13-15) Use these characteristics to describe the three areas:

a)Relatively Few Species

b)Relatively large number of species

c)small biomass

d)large biomass

e)high nutrients

f)low nutrients

13) Subpolar Gyre Area:

A) a,c,e B) a,d,e C)b,c,f D)b,d,f E)a,c,f

14) Subtropical Gyre Area:

A)b,c,f B)a,d,f C)b,d,e D)b,d,f E)a,c,e

15) Equatorial Area:

A)a,c,e B)b,d,e C)b,d,f D)a,c,e E)b,c,f

Use this Figure for Questions 14, 15

14) This Gyre experiences divergence in the middle:

a) Subtropical Gyre B) Subpolar Gyre

15) Downwelling would occur here:

A) ooooo B) XXXXX c)near the equator

16) Trophic Levels:

a) produce food from inorganic substances b) recycle chemical constituents c) use the sun, carbon dioxide, and water to produce food d) are the feeding relationships among organisms e) use hydrogen sulfide or methane to produce food

17) Deep-ocean waters return to the surface:

a) once in a million years b) less than 20 years c) in 500 to 2,000 years d) seasonally

18) Australia splitting off from Antarctica:

a) caused Antarctic glaciation b) eliminated the tropical ocean connection between ocean basins c) isolated the Arctic Ocean d) caused a warm humid climate

19) Amphidromic Point:

a) Location of very little tide change b) location of very large tide change c) Location that always experiences a low tide d) location that always experiences a high tide e) location that experiences mixed tides

20) X mass of Uranium can produce . times more energy than X mass of coal

a) one million b) ten billion c) ten d) 100 trillion

21) Average seawater contains:

a) 3.5% salt b) 35% salt c) 1% salt d) 60% salt

22) The Earth primarily radiates:

a) infrared energy b)visible-light energy c)ultraviolet energy d) none of the above

23) Many deep dwelling fish are this color because this color does not penetrate very deep in the open ocean:

a) yellow b) blue c) green d) red

24) The direction of the Trade Winds

a) from East, moving westward b)from West, moving eastward c)Moving Poleward d)moving equatorward

25) Planetary winds do not blow directly north or south because

a)Coriolis Force b)centripetal force c)magnetic force d) Law of the Sea e)gravitational force

26) Waves striking beaches cause:

a)Erosion b) movements of beach sands c) Longshore currents d) rip currents e) all of the above

27) As a wave passes in deep water, water parcels move in:

a) completely closed circular orbits b)closed elliptical orbits c)almost closed circular orbits d) north e) to the right in the north

28) Tides are

a)predictable b)a potential source of electrical energy in some areas c)produced primarily by the moon d)all of the above e)none of the above

29) Standing waves are:

a)known as seiches b)stationary wave forms c) common in enclosed basins d) all of the above

30)One important difference between life on land and life in the sea is that the sea has more a)living space b)higher percentage of oxygen c) plants d)animals e)panache

31) Which graph from above best represents the relationship between wave length and wave speed:

a)A b)B c)C d)D e)E

32) Which region would have the lowest abundance and concentration of phytoplankton:

a) At the equator b)near a coast c)in the middle of the subtropical gyre d) polar regions

Polar Regions have tons of phytoplankton during the summer and none during the winter. Downwelling and therefore a little amount of nutrients exist for phytoplankton in the middle of the subtropical gyre

33) Benthic organisms:

a) live on the bottom of the ocean b) live at the surface of the ocean c) swim large distances throughout the ocean d) are ones that have gone extinct

34) In Langmuir Circulation, the visible lines are caused by . at the surface

a) heating b) divergence c)cooling d)convergence e)volcanic eruptions

True (A) / False (B)

35)Fronts occur at areas of diverging air masses F

36) High surface temperatures correspond to areas of high surface salinity F, relationship between evaporation and precipitation is main factor; not water temperature

37) Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere is 90 degrees to the right of the wind direction F

38) Thermohaline circulation is primarily driven by prevailing winds F

39) Waves in a swell are smoother, longer, and less frequent than waves in a sea T

40) Semidaily tides have two unequal high and two unequal low tides F

41) Chemosynthesis is the reverse reaction of photosynthesis F

42) Evaporation (liquid water turning into water vapor) takes energy from the surroundings which results in cooling (Endothermic) T

43) The Atlantic Ocean is a passive margin T

44) Normally, wind blows from the land to the sea during the night and from the sea to the land during the day T

45) The greatest tidal ranges occur during Spring Tides T

46) the greater mass of the sun, as compared to the moon, causes its tide-generating effect to be twice that of the moon F

47) The Coriolis Force is zero at the equator T

48) The Coriolis Force is the greatest at 45 degree latitude F, it’s greatest at the poles

49) San Diego experiences mixed tides T

50) Dissolved-oxygen concentrations and nutrient concentrations have very similar profiles versus depth F